Zwitterionic detergents that protect the native state of proteins.

Thermo Scientific CHAPS and CHAPSO are zwitterionic detergents ideal for protecting the native state of proteins. CHAPS and CHAPSO are sulfobetaine derivatives of cholic acid. These zwitterionic detergents are useful for membrane protein solubilization when it is important to maintain protein activity. They are soluble over a wide range of pH (2 to 12) and are easily removed from solution by dialysis because of their high critical micelle concentration (CMC).

Highlights of CHAPS and CHAPSO Zwitterionic Detergents:

• Versatile zwitterionic detergents
• Provide mild but effective lysis of cultured mammalian cells
• Nondenaturing and generally do not inactivate protein functions
• Can be removed from solution by dialysis
• Commonly used for isoelectric focusing (IEF) and 2D electrophoresis

Properties of CHAPS Detergent:

• Chemical Name: 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
• Molecular Weight: 614.88g
• Detergent Class: Zwitterionic
• Aggregation Number: 10
• Micelle Molecular Weight: 6149g
• Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC): 8 to 10mM (0.4920 to 0.6150%, w/v)
• Cloud Point: ≥100°C
• Dialyzable: Yes

Properties of CHAPSO Detergent:

• Chemical Name: 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate
• Molecular Weight: 630.88g
• Detergent Class: Zwitterionic
• Aggregation Number: 11
• Micelle Molecular Weight: 6940g
• Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC): 8 to 10mM (approx. 0.5048%, w/v)
• Cloud Point: 90°C
• Dialyzable: Yes

Product Details:

CHAPS has been successfully used to solubilize intrinsic membrane proteins and receptors and maintain the functional capability of the protein of interest. CHAPS has also been used in combination with nonionic detergents such as NP-40 for nondenaturing gel electrophoresis applications. CHAPS has largely replaced NP-40 in isoelectric focusing (IEF) applications, where it prevents streaking in certain pH ranges. The neutral charge of CHAPS and its disaggregating properties are believed to be responsible for the improvement. CHAPSO differs from CHAPS in having an additional hydroxyl group between the ammonio and sulfonate moieties.

Specifications for CHAPS (Part No. 28300, 28299):

• Visual: White free-flowing powder, free of foreign matter.
• Solubility: A 10% (aq) solution is clear, colorless.
• Identity: The I.R. scan must show only peaks characteristic for the structure and functional groups of the compound being tested.
• Purity: (TLC) One major spot. A small, secondary spot is acceptable.

Specifications for CHAPSO (Part No. 28304):

• Visual: White crystals, free of foreign material.
• Water content: (KF) ≤6%
• Purity: (TLC) One spot
• UV Analysis (10% aqueous solution): A(400) ≤0.10; A(340) ≤0.20
• Identity: The IR must conform to a known reference.
• Analysis (Elemental): C: 60.9 ±4%; H: 9.27 ±10%; N: 4.44 ±4%

Applications:

• Solubilizing the opiate receptor from rat brain cell membranes, while retaining the reversible opiate binding property of the receptor ¹
• Purifying microsomal signal peptidase as a complex ²
• Solubilizing dopamine D ^2,3, muscarinic ⁴, and opiate receptors ⁵ from brain tissue

References:

1. Simonds, W.F., et al. (1980). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 77, 4623-4627.
2. Evans, E.A., et al. (1986). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 83, 581-585.
3. Kuno, T., et al. (1984). J. Neurochem. 41, 841.
4. Kuno, T., et al. (1983). BBRC 112, 948.
5. Chow, T., et al. (1983). Mol. Pharmacol. 24, 203.

Related Products and Resources:

Detergent Sampler Pack
Browse all Thermo Scientific Pierce Detergents
Protein Methods Library: Detergents for Cell Lysis